Behavioral state and sleep-wake cycling

Criteria & assessment

• A state requires its defining features for >=60 seconds.
• Allowed states are awake, active sleep, quiet sleep, transitional sleep, and indeterminate sleep; transitional sleep mixes features of the states on either side, while indeterminate sleep cannot be assigned to active or quiet sleep.
• Term awake and active sleep use continuous low-to-medium voltage mixed-frequency activité moyenne; active sleep additionally has closed eyes, REM, irregular respiration, and body movement.
• Term quiet sleep has closed eyes, absent REM, little movement, and near term commonly tracé alternant; mature continuous high-voltage slow activity and 10-12 Hz spindles emerge around 46 weeks PMA.
• Sleep-wake cycling records orderly alteration among states: term complete sleep-wake cycles are typically 3-4 hours and sleep-only cycles 40-70 minutes; preterm sleep cycles are 30-50 minutes below 35 weeks PMA and 50-65 minutes beyond 35 weeks PMA.
• Unspecified state change requires distinct EEG patterns differing in discontinuity, voltage, or frequency, with each state lasting >=60 seconds.